Translate an errno value into a friendly string

Challenge

Turn a raw errno code into a readable message that pairs the number with its strerror text.

Task

Implement void describe_errno(int err, char *out, size_t cap) that formats err into out.

Input

• err: an errno value.
• out, cap: destination buffer and its size.

Output

Writes the string "errno=<err> (<message>)" into out, where <message> is strerror(err). Uses snprintf semantics, so the result is always NUL-terminated and never overruns cap.

Example

describe_errno(2, out, 128)   ->   out = "errno=2 (No such file or directory)"
describe_errno(0, out, 128)   ->   out = "errno=0 (Success)"
describe_errno(2, out, 8)     ->   out truncated but NUL-terminated within 8 bytes

Edge cases

• err == 0 typically maps to "Success".
• An unknown errno value yields strerror's "Unknown error N" text.
• A small cap truncates safely (no overflow).

Why this matters

A user-facing error message that says 'errno=2' is useless. Every defensive tool wraps strerror into something readable.

Input format

An errno value err, plus an output buffer out of size cap.

Output format

Writes 'errno= (<strerror(err)>)' into out (NUL-terminated, capped at cap).

Constraints

err is integer errno code; out receives formatted string with capacity cap.

Starter code

#include <stddef.h>
void describe_errno(int err, char *out, size_t cap) { /* TODO */ }

Common mistakes

Using sprintf without bounds checking or ignoring truncation.

Edge cases to handle

Unknown errno value, cap too small for full message.

Complexity

O(1).

Background lessons

• Secure error handling
• open / read / write / close

Up next

• Env var with default